-"Monks, I will teach you the All. Listen & pay close attention. I will speak."




-" Này các Tỷ-kheo, Ta sẽ thuyết về tất cả. Hãy lắng nghe."

 

"As you say, lord," the monks responded.



-"Thưa vâng, bạch Thế Tôn." Các Tỷ kheo vâng đáp Thế Tôn.

 

The Blessed One said, "What is the All?
-Simply the eye & forms,
-Ear & sounds,
-Nose & aromas,
-Tongue & flavors,
-Body & -Tactile sensations,
-Intellect & ideas.
This, monks, is called the All. 1 Anyone who would say, 'Repudiating this All, I will describe another,' if questioned on what exactly might be the grounds for his statement, would be unable to explain, and furthermore, would be put to grief. Why? Because it lies beyond range."



Và này các Tỷ-kheo, thế nào là tất cả?
-Mắt và các sắc;
-Tai và các tiếng ;
-Mũi và các hương;
-Lưỡi và các vị ;
-Thân và các xúc;
-Ý và các pháp.
Như vậy, này các Tỷ-kheo, gọi là tất cả. Này các Tỷ-kheo, ai nói như sau: "Sau khi từ bỏ tất cả này, ta sẽ tuyên bố (một) tất cả khác ", thời lời nói người ấy chỉ là khoa ngôn. Và bị hỏi, người ấy không thể chứng minh gì. Và hơn nữa, người ấy có thể rơi vào ách nạn. Vì sao? Này các Tỷ-kheo, như vậy ra ngoài giới vức (avisaya) của người ấy!

 

Note

1. The Commentary's treatment of this discourse is very peculiar. To begin with, it delineates three other "All's" in addition to the one defined here, one of them supposedly larger in scope than the one defined here: the Allness of the Buddha's omniscience (literally, All-knowingness). This, despite the fact that the discourse says that the description of such an all lies beyond the range of explanation.

Secondly, the Commentary includes nibbana (unbinding) within the scope of the All described here — as a dhamma, or object of the intellect — even though there are many other discourses in the Canon specifically stating that nibbana lies beyond the range of the six senses and their objects. Sn 5.6, for instance, indicates that a person who has attained nibbana has gone beyond all phenomena (sabbe dhamma), and therefore cannot be described. MN 49 discusses a "consciousness without feature" (viññanam anidassanam) that does not partake of the "Allness of the All." Furthermore, the following discourse (SN 35.24) says that the "All" is to be abandoned. At no point does the Canon say that nibbana is to be abandoned. Nibbana follows on cessation (nirodha), which is to be realized. Once nibbana is realized, there are no further tasks to be done.

Thus it seems more this discourse's discussion of "All" is meant to limit the use of the word "all" throughout the Buddha's teachings to the six sense spheres and their objects. As the following discourse shows, this would also include the consciousness, contact, and feelings connected with the sense spheres and their objects. Nibbana would lie outside of the word, "all." This would fit in with another point made several times in the Canon: that dispassion is the highest of all dhammas (Iti 90), while the arahant has gone beyond even dispassion (Sn 4.6; Sn 4.10).

This raises the question, if the word "all" does not include nibbana, does that mean that one may infer from the statement, "all phenomena are not-self" that nibbana is self? The answer is no. As AN 4.174 states, to even ask if there is anything remaining or not remaining (or both, or neither) after the cessation of the six sense spheres is to differentiate what is by nature undifferentiated (or to complicate the uncomplicated — see the Introduction to MN 18). The range of differentiation goes only as far as the "All." Perceptions of self or not-self, which would count as differentiation, would not apply beyond the "All." When the cessation of the "All" is experienced, all differentiation is allayed.

See also: SN 35.24

 Chủ biên và điều hành: TT Thích Giác Đẳng.

 Những đóng góp dịch thuật xin gửi về TT Thích Giác Đẳng tại giacdang@phapluan.com
Cập nhập ngày: Thứ Sáu 08-11-2006

Kỹ thuật trình bày: Minh Hạnh & Thiện Pháp

Trang kế | trở về đầu trang | Home page |